„Cikkjelölt:Homokozó” változatai közötti eltérés

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76. sor:
*'''Mérgező anyagok''':
Ellenállnak mérgező gázoknak: [[Metil-bromid|metil-bromidnak]]<ref>http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ap/es/2001/00000050/00000001/art02090</ref>, [[Szén-dioxid|szén-dioxidnak]], [[Kén-hidrogén|hidrogén-szulfidnak]]<ref>http://www.pathfinderscience.net/tardigrades/cbackground.cfm</ref> is. Túlélik a savakban, oldószerekben, vegyszerekben való fürdetést.<ref>http://www.baertierchen.de/si_engl.html</ref>
 
*'''[[Radiation]]'''&nbsp;– tardigrades can withstand 1,000 times more radiation than other animals,<ref>[http://takabisv.taka.jaea.go.jp/jaeribio/members/Nobby/NobbyCoau/2006DH.pdf Radiation tolerance in the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum]</ref> median lethal doses of 5,000 [[Gray (unit)|Gy]] (of gamma-rays) and 6,200 Gy (of heavy ions) in hydrated animals (5 to 10 Gy could be fatal to a human).<ref>{{cite journal|title=Radiation tolerance in the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum|pmid=17178624|journal=International Journal of Radiation Biology|year=2006|volume=82|pages=843–8|author=Horikawa DD, Sakashita T, Katagiri C, Watanabe M, Kikawada T, Nakahara Y, Hamada N, Wada S, Funayama T, Higashi S, Kobayashi Y, Okuda T, Kuwabara M.|issue=12|doi=10.1080/09553000600972956}}</ref> The only explanation found in earlier experiments for this ability was that their lowered water state provides fewer reactants for the [[ionizing radiation]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Horikawa|first=Daiki D.|coauthors=Sakashita, Tetsuya, Katagiri, Chihiro, Watanabe, Masahiko, Kikawada, Takahiro, Nakahara, Yuichi, Hamada, Nobuyuki, Wada, Seiichi, Funayama, Tomoo, Higashi, Seigo, Kobayashi, Yasuhiko, Okuda, Takashi, Kuwabara, Mikinori|title=Radiation tolerance in the tardigrade|journal=International Journal of Radiation Biology|date=1 January 2006|volume=82|issue=12|pages=843–848|doi=10.1080/09553000600972956|pmid=17178624}}</ref> However, subsequent research found that tardigrades, when hydrated, still remain highly resistant to shortwave [[UV radiation]] in comparison to other animals, and that one factor for this is their ability to efficiently repair damage to their DNA resulting from that exposure.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Horikawa|first=Daiki D.|title=UV Radiation Tolerance of Tardigrades|url=https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/seminars/featured-seminar-channels/early-career-seminars/2012/04/24/uv-radiation-tolerance-of-tardigrades/|publisher=NASA.com|accessdate=15 January 2013}}</ref>
 
:Irradiation of tardigrade eggs collected directly from a natural substrate ([[moss]]) showed a clear dose-response, with a steep decline in hatchability at doses up to 4 kGy above which no eggs hatched.<ref name='Jönsson 2013'>{{cite journal | title = Tolerance to gamma-irradiation in eggs of the tardigrade Richtersius coronifer depends on stage of development | journal = Journal of Limnology | year = 2013 | first = Ingemar Jönsson | coauthors = Eliana Beltran-Pardo, Siamak Haghdoost, Andrzej Wojcik, Rosa María Bermúdez-Cruz, Jaime E. Bernal Villegas, Mats Harms-Ringdahl | volume = 71 | issue = 12th International Symposium on Tardigrada | id = | url = http://jlimnol.it/index.php/jlimnol/article/view/jlimnol.2013.s1.e9 | accessdate = 2013-08-05}}</ref> The eggs were more tolerant to radiation late in development. No eggs irradiated at the early developmental stage hatched, and only one egg at middle stage hatched, while eggs irradiated in the late stage hatched at a rate indistinguishable from controls.<ref name='Jönsson 2013'/>
 
== Jegyzetek ==