* {{cite book|last=Gradstein|first=F.M.|coauthors=Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.|year=2004|title=A Geologic Time Scale 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
* {{cite journal|last=Oppel|first=C.A.|year=1865|title=Die Tithonische Etage|journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft|volume=1865|pages=535–558}}
* {{cite web|url=http://stratigraphy.science.purdue.edu/charts/Timeslices/5_JurCret.pdf|title=Jurassic-Cretaceous timescale|work=Subcommission for Stratigraphic Information|format=PDF|accessdate=20100304}}
* {{cite web|url=http://norges.uio.no/timescale/Fig17.1_Jur_colA.pdf|title=Stratigraphic chart of the Upper Jurassic|work=Network of Offshore Records of Geology and Stratigraphy|format=PDF|accessdate=20100304}}