„Cseh felkelés (1618–1620)” változatai közötti eltérés

[nem ellenőrzött változat][nem ellenőrzött változat]
Tartalom törölve Tartalom hozzáadva
Bohemian Revolt angol szócikk fordítása
 
Nincs szerkesztési összefoglaló
1. sor:
[[File:Defenestration-prague-1618.jpg|thumbnail|[[Defenestrations of Prague|Second defenestration of Prague]], contemporary copperplate engraving from ''Theatrum Europaeum'']]
A '''cseh felkelés''' (1618–1620) a [[Cseh Királyság]] [[Rend (feudalizmus)|rend]]jeinek felkelése volt a [[Habsburg-dinasztia]] uralma ellen. A felkelést vallási és hatalmi konfliktusok okozták, a felkelő nemesség zöme a [[Husziták|huszita kelyhes (utraquista)]] irányzathoz tartozott. A felkelés a [[Fehérhegyi csata|Fehérhegyi csatával]] ért véget, melyben a felkelő rendek megsemmisítő vereséget szenvedtek. Ezután megindult a cseh tartományok [[ellenreformáció]]ja, a felkelés pedig elindította a [[Harmincéves háború]]t, amely Európa nagy részére átterjedt és [[Közép-Európa]] jókora területeit, közte a cseh tartományokat rombadöntötte.
The '''Bohemian Revolt''' (1618–1620) was an uprising of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemian]] [[Estates of the realm|estates]] against the rule of the [[Habsburg dynasty]]. It was caused by religious and power disputes (the estates were [[Utraquism|Utraquist]]). The dispute finally culminated after several battles in the final [[Battle of White Mountain]], where the estates suffered a decisive defeat. This started re-catholisation of the [[Czech lands]], but also triggered the [[Thirty Years' War]], which spread to the rest of Europe and devastated vast areas of central Europe, including the Czech lands.
 
== RebellionA felkelés ==
Without heirs, [[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Matthias]] sought to assure an orderly transition during his lifetime by having his dynastic heir (the fiercely Catholic Ferdinand of [[Styria]], later [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]]) elected to the separate royal thrones of [[Crown of Bohemia|Bohemia]] and Hungary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://steveedney.wordpress.com/2006/05/23/the-defenestration-of-prague/|title=The Defenestration of Prague « Criticality|publisher=steveedney.wordpress.com|accessdate=25 May 2008}}</ref> Some of the Protestant leaders of Bohemia feared they would be losing the religious rights granted to them by [[Emperor Rudolf II]] in his [[Letter of Majesty]] (1609). They preferred the Protestant [[Frederick V, Elector Palatine|Frederick V, elector of the Palatinate]] (successor of [[Frederick IV, Elector Palatine|Frederick IV]], the creator of the [[League of Evangelical Union|Protestant Union]]).<ref name="tripod">{{cite web|url=http://thirtyyearswar.tripod.com/revolt.html|title=Bohemian Revolt-30 Years War|publisher=Thirty Years War|accessdate=25 May 2008}}</ref> However, other Protestants supported the stance taken by the Catholics,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visualstatistics.net/east-west/War%20West/War%20West.htm#Thirty |title=Wars of the Western Civilization|publisher=visualstatistics.net|accessdate=24 May 2008}}</ref> and in 1617, Ferdinand was duly elected by the Bohemian [[Estates of the realm|Estates]] to become the Crown Prince, and automatically upon the death of Matthias, the next [[King of Bohemia]].
 
14. sor:
In spite of these issues surrounding their support, the rebellion initially favoured the Bohemians. They were joined in the revolt by much of [[Upper Austria]], whose nobility was then chiefly Lutheran and Calvinist. [[Lower Austria]] revolted soon after, and in 1619, [[Jindrich Matyas Thurn|Count Thurn]] led an army to the walls of [[Vienna]] itself.
 
== DefeatA offelkelés the revoltveresége ==
[[Image:Schlacht am Weißen Berg C-K 063.jpg|thumb|Contemporary painting showing the [[Battle of White Mountain]] (1620), where imperial forces under [[Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly]] won a decisive victory.]]
The [[Habsburg Spain|Spanish]] sent an army from Brussels under [[Ambrogio Spinola|Ambrosio Spinola]] to