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„National Institute of Standards and Technology” változatai közötti eltérés

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Az űrkutatás új fejlődésnek indult az újrafelhasználható [[űrsikló]] használatával, ami először 1981-ben állt üzembe. A NIST közreműködött az első, űrben előállított termék értékesítésében, ami egy mérőeszköz volt. Apró polisztirén gömbök milliói (amik méretben és alakban egymáshoz igen hasonlóak voltak) jöttek létre az alacsony gravitációs környezetben. Ezeket mint standard anyagokat használta az orvosi ipar, a környezetvédelem és az elektronikai ipar. Ezek például felhasználhatók a [[vörösvérsejt]]ek megszámolásához.
 
Egy másik projekt volt a radiometrikus (optikai) kalibrálás, amit a [[Hubble űrteleszkóp]]on végeztek, ami 1990-től kezdett működni.
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Another project involved radiometric calibrations of an optical simulator and light sources for the Hubble Space Telescope, put into orbit in 1990. NIST was the only lab in the world that could provide certain types of calibrations essential for space-based astronomy.
 
A Földön az [[optikai szál]]as technológia kezdett megjelenni a kommunikációs rendszerekben, mivel sokkal több adatot tudott továbbítani, mint a hagyományos rézvezetékes rendszerek.
Back on Earth, fiber-optic technology began to show up in U.S. communications systems because it could carry far more data than traditional copper telephone lines. NIST had anticipated this trend when its staff began characterizing optical fibers in the 1970s. These hair-thin strands of glass carry information in the form of light waves emitted by lasers. As fiber optics became more pervasive, the NIST program expanded to include measurement and calibration services and research on devices that send, receive, and process data. There was some urgency to this work because, although Americans invented the core components of optical technology, Japan had taken the lead in marketing products based on them. By the mid to late 1980s, U.S. leaders were increasingly worried about foreign competition, principally from Japan but also from Europe. A deluge of government and industry reports warned that America was falling behind in key technology areas, succumbing particularly to Japan's ability to commercialize U.S. inventions first and manufacture products efficiently. One of the more timely examples was Japan's success in commercializing the video-cassette recorder, which had been invented years before by a U.S. company.▼
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▲Back on Earth, fiber-optic technology began to show up in U.S. communications systems because it could carry far more data than traditional copper telephone lines. NIST had anticipated this trend when its staff began characterizing optical fibers in the 1970s. These hair-thin strands of glass carry information in the form of light waves emitted by lasers. As fiber optics became more pervasive, the NIST program expanded to include measurement and calibration services and research on devices that send, receive, and process data. There was some urgency to this work because, although Americans invented the core components of optical technology, Japan had taken the lead in marketing products based on them. By the mid to late 1980s, U.S. leaders were increasingly worried about foreign competition, principally from Japan but also from Europe. A deluge of government and industry reports warned that America was falling behind in key technology areas, succumbing particularly to Japan's ability to commercialize U.S. inventions first and manufacture products efficiently. One of the more timely examples was Japan's success in commercializing the video-cassette recorder, which had been invented years before by a U.S. company.
 
A key part of the federal government's solution to this problem was NIST, which had been reorganized and redirected several times in its history, but never so dramatically as in 1988, when the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act was passed.
A lap eredeti címe: „https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology”