„Szerkesztő:Hollófernyiges/próbalap” változatai közötti eltérés
Tartalom törölve Tartalom hozzáadva
Nincs szerkesztési összefoglaló |
|||
1. sor:
{{Uralkodó infobox
| név = Kleopátra Thea
| teljes_név =
| kép = Gold coin of Cleopatra Thea as wife of Alexander I Balas.jpg
| képméret =
| képaláírás = Kleopátra Thea arcképe I. Alexandrosz aranypénzén
| ragadványnév =
| titulusai = <!-- Ne tedd linkbe, mert kék a háttérszíne ennek a hülye sablonnak és nem fog látszani. -->
| állam = A Szeleukida Birodalom
| megnevezés = királynéja
| uralkodási_név =
| uralkodás_kezdete = [[I. e. 150]]
| uralkodás_vége = [[I. e. 121]]
| uralkodási évei =
| koronázás dátuma =
| koronázás helye =
| örököse = <!-- csak akkor kell kitölteni, ha nem azonos az utódjával -->
| előd =
| utód =
| uralkodóház = [[Ptolemaida-dinasztia]]
| születési dátum = kb. [[I. e. 164]]
| születési hely =
| halálozási dátum = [[I. e. 121]]
| halálozási hely = <!-- Wikidatából -->
| temetés dátuma =
| nyughelye =
| édesapa = [[VI. Ptolemaiosz]]
| édesanya = [[II. Kleopátra]]
| testvérek =
| házastárs = [[I. Alexandrosz szeleukida uralkodó|I. Alexandrosz Balasz]]<br>[[II. Démétriosz szeleukida uralkodó|II. Démétriosz Nikatór]]<br>[[VII. Antiokhosz szeleukida uralkodó|VII. Antiokhosz Euergetész]]
| házastárs2 =
| házastárs3 =
| házastárs4 =
| gyermekei = '''I. Alexandrosztól''':<br>[[VI. Antiokhosz szeleukida uralkodó|VI. Antiokhosz Dionüszosz]]<br>'''II. Démétriosztól''':<br>[[V. Szeleukosz szeleukida uralkodó|V. Szeleukosz Philométór]]<br>[[VIII. Antiokhosz szeleukida uralkodó|VIII. Antiokhosz Grüphosz]]<br>'''VII. Antiokhosztól''':<br>[[IX. Antiokhosz szeleukida uralkodó|IX. Antiokhosz Küzikénosz]]
| vallás =
| lábjegyzet =
| aláírás =
| aláírásméret =
| címer =
| címerméret =
| wikicommons =
}}
'''Cleopatra Thea''' ({{lang-el|Κλεοπάτρα Θεά}}, which means "Cleopatra the Goddess"; c. 164 – 121 BC) surnamed '''Eueteria''' (i.e., "good-harvest/fruitful season") was the ruler of the [[Hellenistic]] [[Seleucid Empire]]. She was [[queen consort]] of Syria from 150 to about 125 BC as the wife of three [[Syria (region)|Syrian]] kings: [[Alexander Balas]], [[Demetrius II Nicator]], and [[Antiochus VII Sidetes]]. She ruled Syria from 125 BC after the death of Demetrius II Nicator, eventually in co-regency with her son [[Antiochus VIII Grypus]] until 121 or 120 BC.<ref name="DH">Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004</ref><ref name="CB">[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/thea_fr.htm Cleopatra Thea] by Chris Bennett</ref>
==Biography==
===Childhood and first marriage===
Cleopatra Thea grew up in Egypt as the daughter of [[Ptolemy VI]] and [[Cleopatra II]]. She was probably born ca. 164 BC. She may have been engaged to her uncle Ptolemy VIII king of Cyrene in 154, but he eventually married her sister Cleopatra III. In 150, BC she married [[Alexander Balas]] in a sumptuous ceremony at [[Ptolemais Akko]].<ref>[[I Maccabees]] 10.48-10.58</ref> The marriage produced a son named [[Antiochus VI Dionysus]].<ref name="Maccabees11"/>
===Divorce and later marriages ===
In 145 BC, her father invaded Syria, defeated Alexander Balas in battle and remarried her to [[Demetrius II Nicator|Demetrius II]], only to die a few days later.<ref name="Maccabees11">[[I Maccabees]] 11.1-11.19</ref> Demetrius set himself up as co-ruler with the young boy Antiochus VI, but may have killed him in 142 BC.
In 139 BC, Demetrius II was captured fighting against the [[Parthia]]ns and was held prisoner by them until 129 BC. After Demetrius was captured, his younger brother, [[Antiochus VII Sidetes]], who was raised in the city of Side in Pamphylia, came to Syria and took the throne, marrying Cleopatra Thea in 138 BC. Cleopatra Thea bore him at least one son, [[Antiochus IX Cyzicenus]]. The names of any other children are uncertain.
In 129 BC, the Parthians released Demetrius II, as a political manoeuvre against Sidetes, to claim his throne and his wife.
That same year, Sidetes was killed fighting the Parthians. Cleopatra had taken the precaution of sending Antiochus IX (her son by Antiochus VII) to [[Cyzicus]] in [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]] (hence his surname). Demetrius returned home and regained his throne, taking Cleopatra Thea as his wife by his side.<ref name="DH"/><ref name="CB"/>
In 132/131 BC, Cleopatra Thea's mother, Cleopatra II of Egypt rebelled against her brother Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Tryphon. In 127 BC Cleopatra II fled to her son-in-law Demetrius' court in Syria.<ref>[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/ptolemy_viii_fr.htm Cleopatra II] by Chris Bennett</ref>
===Later years as co-regent===
[[File:Seleucidi, cleopatra tea e suo figlio antioco VIII, tetradracma, 121-120 ac.JPG|thumb|Coin of Cleopatra Thea and Antiochus VIII]]
Demetrius' elder son, Seleucus, became king with the name Seleucus V in 125 BC; however, his mother, Cleopatra Thea, had him murdered soon after. From 125 BC to 121 BC, Cleopatra ruled Syria and to legitimize her reign, she shared the throne with her son, [[Antiochus VIII Grypus]]. Antiochus VIII was married to Tryphaena, the daughter of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III.<ref name="CB"/><ref>[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/tryphaena_fr.htm Tryphanea] by Chris Bennett</ref>
Grypus became less controllable as he grew up and in 121 BC Cleopatra Thea decided to eliminate him. As he returned from a hunt one day, she offered him a cup of wine. Since this was not common behavior for her, Grypus was suspicious and forced her to drink the wine, which killed her.<ref name="CB"/>
Grypus re-organised the state and for the next eight years he provided stability and financial recovery. This period would end ca. 114 BC, when Cleopatra Thea's other son, Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, returned to Syria to claim the throne and civil war started again.
==Family==
[[File:AlexanderIBalasAndCleopatraThea.jpg|thumb|Alexander Balas and Cleopatra Thea]]
Cleopatra Thea was a daughter of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II of Egypt. She had two brothers named Ptolemy Eupator and Ptolemy respectively. Her sister [[Cleopatra III]] was Queen of Egypt and married to [[Ptolemy VIII]], an uncle, who had been a former co-ruler of Cleopatra Thea’s parents. It is possible that Berenice, the fiancée of [[Attalus III]], king of [[Pergamum]] is another sister.<ref name="CB"/>
Cleopatra Thea married three times:
* She married Alexander Balas (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος Βάλας) in about 150 BC. This union produced Antiochus VI Dionysus.<ref name="DH"/><ref name="CB"/> Alexander Balas was neither popular, nor an efficient ruler. The marriage was dissolved by her father.<ref name="CB"/> Alexander Balas died in battle against Demetrius II of Syria in 145 BC.<ref name="DH"/>
*Cleopatra Thea married Demetrius II Nicator (Greek: Δημήτριος Νικάτωρ) in 145 BC. Demetrius became a captive of the Parthians from 139-129 BC. He was assassinated in Tyre in 125 BC at the orders of his wife Cleopatra Thea.<ref name="DH"/><ref name="CB"/> Demetrius and Cleopatra Thea had at least two sons–[[Seleucus V Philometor]], who was killed by his mother for taking the crown without her permission; and [[Antiochus VIII Grypus]], who eventually killed his mother in turn. They also had a daughter Laodice, whom [[Phraates II of Parthia]] captured and later married for her beauty.<ref name="ogden-dinasties">{{cite book|last1=Ogden|first1=Daniel|title=Polygamy Prostitutes and Death. The Hellenistic Dynasties|date=1999|publisher=Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd.|location=London|isbn=07156 29301|page=150}}</ref>
* Cleopatra Thea married Demetrius' younger brother Antiochus VII Sidetes in 137 BC after Demetrius was captured by the Parthians. Cleopatra and Antiochus VII had at least one son: Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. They also likely had two other sons named Antiochus and Seleucus and one or two daughters named Laodice.<ref name="DH"/><ref name="CB"/>
==See also==
{{Portal|Asia}}
* [[List of Syrian monarchs]]
* [[Timeline of Syrian history]]
==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Ptolemaic Dynasty]]||c. 164 BC||121 BC}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Laodice V]] or Apama}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Seleucid Empire|Seleucid Queen]] <small>([[Queen Consort of Syria]])</small>|years=150–126 BC
|regent1=[[Alexander Balas]] <small>(150–145 BC)</small>
|regent2=[[Demetrius II Nicator]] <small>(145–139 BC, 129–126 BC)</small>
|regent3=[[Antiochus VII Sidetes]] <small>(138–129 BC)</small>
}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Tryphaena]] and [[Cleopatra IV]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Demetrius II Nicator]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Seleucid Empire|Seleucid Queen]] <small>([[Queen Regnant of Syria]])</small>|years=125–121 BC
|regent1=[[Seleucus V Philometor]] (126-125 BC)
|regent2=[[Antiochus VIII Grypus]] (126–121 BC)}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Antiochus VIII Grypus]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cleopatra Thea}}
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:Seleucid royal consorts]]
[[Category:People in the deuterocanonical books]]
| |||