„Szarvasmarha” változatai közötti eltérés

A ''Bos primigenius namadicusból'' a zebuba való szelídítés körülbelül 9000&nbsp;éve kezdődött,<ref name=nap>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12692&page=96 |title=In the Light of Evolution III: Two Centuries of Darwin |year=2009 |publisher=National Academies Press |page=96 }}</ref> míg [[Anatólia|Közép-Anatóliában]] Kr. e. 8500 körül és a [[Közel-Kelet]]en Kr. e. 6000 környékén elkezdték háziasítani, a ''Bos primigenius primigeniust'', melyből a közönséges szarvasmarhát alakították ki. Körülbelül Kr. e. 6000 táján a ''B. p. primigeniust'' [[Kelet-Ázsia|Kelet-Ázsiában]] is elkezdték szelídíteni.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222110938 |title=On the origin of cattle: How aurochs became domestic and colonized the world |journal=Evolutionary Anthropology |volume=19 |pages=148–157 |access-date=3 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171106/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222110938_On_the_origin_of_cattle_how_aurochs_became_domestic_and_colonized_the_world |archive-date=4 December 2017 |date=January 2010 |last1=Ajmone-Marsan |first1=Paolo |last2=Garcia |first2=J.F |last3=Lenstra |first3=Johannes |doi=10.1002/evan.20267 |s2cid=86035650 }}</ref><ref name=MSW3>{{MSW3|id=14200687|heading=''Bos taurus''}}</ref><ref name="HowNowCow">{{cite journal |last1=Bollongino |first1=R. |last2=Burger |first2=J. |last3=Powell |first3=A. |last4=Mashkour |first4=M. |last5=Vigne |first5=J.-D. |last6=Thomas |first6=M. G. |year=2012 |title=Modern taurine cattle descended from small number of Near-Eastern founders |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=29 |issue=9 |pages=2101–2104 |url=http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/03/14/molbev.mss092 |doi=10.1093/molbev/mss092 |pmid=22422765 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331193505/http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/03/14/molbev.mss092 |archive-date=31 March 2012 |doi-access=free }} Op. cit. in {{cite news |last1=Wilkins |first1=Alasdair |work=io9 |url=http://io9.com/5897169/dna-reveals-that-cows-were-almost-impossible-to-domesticate?tag=archaeology |title=DNA reveals that cows were almost impossible to domesticate |date=28 March 2012 |access-date=2 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512072737/http://io9.com/5897169/dna-reveals-that-cows-were-almost-impossible-to-domesticate?tag=archaeology |archive-date=12 May 2012 }}</ref> Az [[Élelmezésügyi és Mezőgazdasági Világszervezet]] ''(FAO)'' adatai szerint 2018-ban nagyjából 1,5&nbsp;milliárd szarvasmarha egyed létezett.<ref name="Live Animals">{{cite web |title=Live Animals |url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QA/visualize |website=FAO |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831082444/http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home |archive-date=31 August 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> 2009-ben feltérképezték az állat teljes [[genom]]ját; ehhez [[Hereford marha|Hereford marhát]] használtak fel; az eredményt a ''Bovine Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium'' című magazinban adták ki.<ref name="Cattle genome">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/23/AR2009042303453.html |title=Scientists Unravel Genome of the Cow |work=The Washington Post |date=23 April 2009 |access-date=23 April 2009 |first=David |last=Brown |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628203746/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/23/AR2009042303453.html |archive-date=28 June 2011 }}</ref><ref name="BGSAC">