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„Implied Bill of Rights” változatai közötti eltérés

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Az '''Implied Bill of Rights''' '''(Burkolt, implikált jogok törvénye)''' a kanadai jogtudomány egy elmélete amely elismeri hogy bizonyos alapvető elvek találhatóak [[Kanada alkotmánya|Kanada alkotmányában]]. A [[Kanadai Jogok és Szabadságok Alapokmánya]] elfogadása előtt többet utaltak rá, de továbbra is fontos a parlamenti felsőbbség a felülbírálási hatalom kérdéseiben, és szerepet játszott a ''[[Reference re Secession of Quebec]]'' [1998] 2 S.C.R. 217. ügyben adott indoklásban is.
 
A burkolt jogok törvényének fogalma a kanadai föderalizmusból származik. Amikor a tartományi törvényhozás olyan törvényeket hoznak amelyek sértenek bizonyos alapvető jogokat, mint a szólásszabadság, gyülekezési- vagy vallásszabadság, akkor azok érvénytelenek. Mivel a bíróságok alkotmányellenesnek találták az ilyen törvényeket, a külöböző szerzők kimutatták hogy létezik egy implicit jogok törvénye az alkotmányban.
 
The '''Implied Bill of Rights''' is a judicial theory in [[Canadian]] jurisprudence that recognizes that certain basic principles are underlying the [[Constitution of Canada]]. Invoked more often before the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]] was enacted it is nonetheless important when questions of [[parliamentary supremacy]] and the override power come into play. It played a part in the reasons given in the ''[[Reference re Secession of Quebec]]'' [1998] 2 S.C.R. 217.
 
The concept of an implied bill of rights develops out of [[Canadian federalism]]. When provincial legislation intrudes deeply into fundamental freedoms of [[freedom of speech|speech]], [[freedom of religion|religion]], [[freedom of association|association]] or[[freedom of assembly|assembly]], the provincial legislature is creating criminal legislation, which under the distribution of powers is reserved exclusively to the [[Parliament of Canada]] by section 91(27) of the [[Constitution Act, 1867]].
 
Provinces cannot intrude in this area; if they do, such legislation is void and has no effect. Because provincial prohibition touching on the fundamental freedoms of speech, religion, assembly and association were declared unconstitutional by the courts, and in light of the expansive obiters in the leading cases, the writers were able to claim that there was a bill of rights implicit in the Constitution.
 
Some constitutional scholars focus on the [[preamble]] of the Constitution Act, 1867 as providing the underlying reasons for an implied bill of rights. The relevant part of the preamble reads:
17 ⟶ 15 sor:
The ideas outlined in the ''Provincial Judges Reference'' were developed further in the ''[[Reference re Secession of Quebec]]'', [1998] 2 S.C.R. 217. Together these two cases have been interpreted to expand the reach of unwritten constitutional principles. The 1867 preamble and the Canadian Constitution (including its newer addition, the Charter) are read as a unified whole. The express provisions of the Constitution elaborate underlying, organizing principles. These unwritten principles can shape "a constitutional argument that culminates in the filling of gaps in the express terms of the constitutional text" and that in "certain circumstances give rise to substantive legal obligations" that "are binding upon both courts and governments;" (''Secession Reference'', supra., paras. 50-4). In the ''Provincial Judges Reference'', the Court fell short of using the preamble to state new constitutional obligations or limitations. Chief Justice Lamer's extensive obiter did return Canadian constitutional theory to the classical model of rights implicit in the Constitution which was first developed in the ''[[Alberta Press case|Alberta Press]]'', ''[[Saumur v. The City of Quebec|Saumur]]'' and ''[[Switzman v. Elbling|Switzman]]'' cases. By this model, "important legal effects" including constitutional obligations and limits, may be created by the Bill of Rights implied into the Constitution, quite apart from an application of the written constitution.
 
==Források és jegyzetek==
==References==
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{{fordítás|en|Implied Bill of Rights}}
A lap eredeti címe: „https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implied_Bill_of_Rights”