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==Héliopolisz a görög-római korban==
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HeliopolisAz wasókori wellgörögök knownés torómaiak thejól [[Ancientismerték Greece|ancient Greeks]] and [[Roman Empire|Romans]], being notedHélipoliszt. byEmlítik mosta majorkor geographerslegfontosabb ofírói theközül periodsokan, includingpéldául: [[ PtolemyPtolemaiosz]], iv. 5. § 54; [[ HerodotusHérodotosz]], ii. 3, 7, 59; [[ StraboSztrabón]], xvii. p. 805; [[ DiodorusDiodórosz (történetíró)|Diodórosz]], i. 84, v. 57; [[ ArrianLucius Flavius Arrianus Xenophon|Arrianus]], ''Exp. Alex.'' iii. 1; [[ AelianAelianus Tacticus|Aelianus]], ''H. A.'' vi. 58, xii. 7; [[ PlutarchPlutarkhosz]], ''Solon.'' 26, ''Is. et Osir.'' 33; [[ DiogenesDiogenész LaertiusLaertiosz]], xviii. 8. § 6; [[ Josephus Flavius |Josephus]], ''Ant. Jud.'' xiii. 3, ''C. Apion.'' i. 26; [[Cicero]], ''Nat. Deor.'' iii. 21; [[ PlinyIdősebb the ElderPlinius]], v. 9. § 11; [[Tacitus]], ''Ann.'' vi. 28; [[Pomponius Mela]], iii. 8. Felkeltette Thea city[[6. also merits attention by theszázad]]i [[ Byzantine Empire|Byzantinebizánc]] i geographeríró [[ StephanusSztephanosz of ByzantiumBüzantiosz]] , ''s.figyelmét v.'' {{polytonic|Ἡλίουπόλις}}is. ▼<!--
▲Heliopolis was well known to the [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]] and [[Roman Empire|Romans]], being noted by most major geographers of the period, including: [[Ptolemy]], iv. 5. § 54; [[Herodotus]], ii. 3, 7, 59; [[Strabo]], xvii. p. 805; [[Diodorus]], i. 84, v. 57; [[Arrian]], ''Exp. Alex.'' iii. 1; [[Aelian]], ''H. A.'' vi. 58, xii. 7; [[Plutarch]], ''Solon.'' 26, ''Is. et Osir.'' 33; [[Diogenes Laertius]], xviii. 8. § 6; [[Josephus]], ''Ant. Jud.'' xiii. 3, ''C. Apion.'' i. 26; [[Cicero]], ''Nat. Deor.'' iii. 21; [[Pliny the Elder]], v. 9. § 11; [[Tacitus]], ''Ann.'' vi. 28; [[Pomponius Mela]], iii. 8. The city also merits attention by the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] geographer [[Stephanus of Byzantium]], ''s. v.'' {{polytonic|Ἡλίουπόλις}}.
[[Alexander the Great]], on his march from [[Pelusium]] to [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]], halted at this city (Arrian, iii. 1); and, according to [[Macrobius]] (''Saturn.'' i. 23), [[Baalbek]], or the Syrian Heliopolis, was a priest-colony from its Egyptian namesake.
Arrianus szerint (iii. 1) [[Nagy Sándor]] [[Pelusium]]ból [[Memphisz]]be tartva megállt a városban. Hérodotosz szerint a heliopoliszi papok voltak a legtájékozottabbak a történelem kérdéseiben az egyiptomiak közül. Általában is a tudás fellegvárának tartották. Filozófiai és csillagászati iskoláit a hagyomány szerint látogatta [[Orfeusz]], [[Homérosz]]<ref>The Historical Library of Diodorus Siculus, [http://books.google.com/books?id=agd-eLVNRMMC&printsec=titlepage#PPA72,M1 Book I, ch VI].</ref>, [[Pithagórasz]], [[Platón]], [[Szolón]] és más görög filozófusok is.
The temple of Ra was said to have been, to a special degree, a depository for royal records, and Herodotus states that the priests of Heliopolis were the best informed in matters of history of all the Egyptians. Heliopolis flourished as a seat of learning during the Greek period; the schools of philosophy and astronomy are claimed to have been frequented by [[Orpheus]], [[Homer]],<ref>The Historical Library of Diodorus Siculus, [http://books.google.com/books?id=agd-eLVNRMMC&printsec=titlepage#PPA72,M1 Book I, ch VI].</ref> [[Pythagoras]], [[Plato]], [[Solon]], and other Greek philosophers. From [[Ichonuphys]], who was lecturing there in [[308 BC]], and who numbered [[Eudoxus]] among his pupils, the Greek mathematician learned the true length of the year and month, upon which he formed his octaeterid, or period of eight years or ninety-nine months. [[Ptolemy II]] had Manethon, the chief priest of Heliopolis, collect his history of the ancient kings of Egypt from its archives. The later [[Ptolemies]] probably took little interest in their "father" Ra, and [[Alexandria]] had eclipsed the learning of Heliopolis; thus with the withdrawal of royal favour Heliopolis quickly dwindled, and the students of native lore deserted it for other temples supported by a wealthy population of pious citizens. By the [[1st century BC]], however, Strabo found them deserted, and the town itself almost uninhabited, although priests were still there.
In Roman times Heliopolis belonged to the [[Augustamnica]] province. Its population probably contained a considerable Arabic element. (Plin. vi. 34.) In Roman times [[obelisk]]s were taken from its temples to adorn the northern cities of the Delta, and even across the [[Mediterranean]] to [[Rome]], including the famed [[Cleopatra's Needle]] that now resides on the Thames embankment, London (this obelisk was part of a pair, the other being located in Central Park, New York) . Finally the growth of [[Fustat]] and [[Cairo]], only 6 miles to the southwest, caused the ruins to be ransacked for building materials. The site was known to the Arabs as ''ˁAyn Šams'' ("the well of the sun"), more recently as ''ˁArab al-Ḥiṣn''. It has now been brought for the most part under cultivation, but the ancient city walls of crude brick are to be seen in the fields on all sides, and the position of the great temple is marked by an obelisk still standing (the earliest known, being one of a pair set up by [[Senusret I]], the second king of the [[Twelfth dynasty of Egypt|Twelfth Dynasty]]) and a few granite blocks bearing the name of [[Ramesses II]].
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==Jegyzetek==
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