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==Anna Leonowens könyvben és filmen==
[[Margaret Landon]]'s novel ''[[Anna and the King of Siam (book)|Anna and the King of Siam]]'' (1944) provides a fictionalised look at Anna Leonowens's years at the royal court, developing the [[abolitionism|abolitionist]] theme that resonated with her American readership.[18]<ref>Laura Donaldson, "The King and I" in Uncle Tom's Cabin, or on the Border of the Women's Room', ''Cinema Journal'', Vol. 29, No. 3 (Spring, 1990), pp. 53-68.</ref> In 1946, Talbot Jennings and Sally Benson adapted it into the [[screenplay]] for a [[Anna and the King of Siam (film)|dramatic film of the same name]], starring [[Irene Dunne]] and [[Rex Harrison]]. In response, Thai authors [[Seni Pramoj|Seni]] and [[Kukrit Pramoj]] wrote their own account in 1948 and sent it to American politician and diplomat Abbot Low Moffat (1901-19961901–1996), who drew on it for his biography ''Mongkut, the King of Siam'' (1961). Moffat donated the Pramoj brothers' manuscript to the [[Library of Congress]] in 1961.<ref>[19http://www.loc.gov/rr/asian/guide/guide-southeast.html Southeast Asian Collection, Asian Division, Library of Congress.]</ref><ref>[20http://www.archive.org/details/mongkutthekingof002419mbp Mongkut, the King of Siam] Entire text online at the Internet Archive.</ref>
Landon had, however, created the iconic image of Leonowens, and 'in the mid-20th century she came to personify the eccentric [[Victorian era|Victorian]] female traveler'.[21]<ref>Alan Riding, 'Globe-Trotting Englishwomen Who Helped Map the World', ''New York Times'' (19 August 2004), pg. E1.</ref> The novel was adapted as a hit musical comedy by [[Rodgers and Hammerstein]], ''[[The King and I]]'' (1951), starring [[Gertrude Lawrence]] and [[Yul Brynner]], which ran 1,246 performances on Broadway.[22[Broadway theatre|Broadway]].<ref>Vincent Canby, 'Once Again, The Taming of a Despot', ''New York Times'' (12 April 1996), pg. C1.</ref> In 1956, a film version was released, with [[Deborah Kerr]] starring in the role of Leonowens and Brynner reprising his role as the king. Revived many times on stage (with Brynner starring in a number of revivals), the musical has remained a favourite of the theatre-going public. However the humorous depiction of Mongkut as a [[polka]]-dancing [[Despotism|despot]], as well as the king's and Anna's apparent romantic feeling for each other, is condemned as disrespectful in Bangkok, where the Rodgers and Hammerstein film was banned by the presentThai monarch, BhumibolGovernment.[23] The king1946 film version of ''Anna and histhe entourageKing saidof thatSiam'' fromstarring whatRex theyHarrison couldas gatherMongkut fromwas allowed to be shown in Thailand, although it was banned in newly independent India as an inaccurate insult by westerners to an Eastern king. (In 1950, the reviewsThai ofGovernment did not permit the musical,film to be shown for the characterisationsecond oftime Mongkutin seemedThailand.) The books '90'Romance percentin exaggeratedthe Harem'' and ''An English Governess at the Siamese Court'' were not banned in Thailand either. MyThere great-great-grandfatherwere waseven reallyThai quitetranslation aof mildthese andbooks niceby manrespected Thai writer "Humorist" (Ob Chaivasu).'[24]
During a visit to the USA in 1960, the present monarch of Thailand, [[Bhumibol Adulyadej|Bhumibol]], a great-grandson of Mongkut, and his entourage explained<ref>'King's Ears Won't Hear Songs From "King and I"', ''Washington Post'' (28 June 1960), pg. C1.</ref> that from what they could gather from the reviews of the musical, the characterisation of Mongkut seemed "90 percent exaggerated. My great-grandfather was really quite a mild and nice man."<ref>Marguerite Higgins, 'Siam King Found Shy And Welfare-Minded', ''Washington Post'' (30 August 1951), pg. B11.</ref> Years later however, during her 1985 visit to New York, Queen Sirikit of Thailand went to see the Broadway musical at the invitation of Yul Brynner.<ref>[http://thaiembdc.org/monarchy/k_i/bostonk_i.html]</ref> The then Ambassador of Thailand to the US gave another reason for Thailand's disapproval of ''The King and I'': its ethno-centric attitude and its barely hidden insult on the whole Siamese nation as childish and inferior to the Westerners.
In 1972 Twentieth Century Fox produced a 13-part American television adaptation for CBS, with Samantha Eggar taking the part of Leonowens and Brynner reprising his role as the king. Landon charged the makers with 'inaccurate and mutilated portrayals' of her literary property and sued unsuccessfully for copyright infringement.[25][26] In 1999 an animated version of the musical was released by Warner Bros. Animation. In the same year Jodie Foster and Chow Yun-Fat starred in a new feature-length cinematic remake entitled Anna and the King. One Thai critic complained that the film-makers had made Mongkut 'appear like a cowboy'; this version was also banned by censors in Thailand.[27] ▼
▲In 1972 , [[Twentieth Century Fox ]] produced a 13non- partmusical American televisionTV adaptationseries for [[CBS ]], [[Anna and the King (TV series)|''Anna and the King'']], with [[Samantha Eggar ]] taking the part of Leonowens and Brynner reprising his role as the king. Margaret Landon charged the makers with 'inaccurate and mutilated portrayals' of her literary property and sued unsuccessfully for copyright infringement. [25][26]<ref>Lawrence Meyer, 'Court And "The King"', ''Washington Post'' (21 November 1972), pg. B2.</ref><ref>Landon v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp., 384 F. Supp. 450 (S.D.N.Y. 1974), in Donald E. Biederman, Edward P. Pierson, Martin E. Silfen, Janna Glasser, ''Law and Business of the Entertainment Industries'', 5th edition (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 2006), pp. 349-356.</ref> The series was not a success and was canceled after only 13 episodes. In 1999 an [[The King and I (1999 film)|animated version ]] of the musical was released by [[Warner Bros. Animation ]]. In the same year , [[Jodie Foster ]] and [[Chow Yun- Fatfat]] starred in a new feature-length cinematic remake , also entitled ''[[Anna and the King ]]''. One Thai critic complained that the [[filmmakers|film-makers ]] had made Mongkut 'appear like a cowboy'; this version was also banned by censors in Thailand. <ref>[ 27http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WDP/is_2000_Jan_3/ai_58532685 'Thailand bans "Anna and the King"'] , ''Asian Economic News'' (3 January 2000). Accessed 29 August 2008.</ref>
Leonowens appears as a character in [[Paul Marlowe]]'s novel ''Knights of the Sea'', in which she travels from Halifax to Baddeck in 1887 to take part in a campaign to promote women's suffrage during a [[by-election]].
==Irodalom==
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