„Frank Pick” változatai közötti eltérés
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84. sor:
A dizájn, amit Pick Holdentől rendelt meg 1931 és 1933 között, új szakaszt nyitott az Underground építészeti történetében, a prototípus állomásépület a [[Sudbury Town metróállomás|Sudbury Town állomás]]é volt, melyet [[Nikolaus Pevsner]] építészettörténész „jellegzetes nevezetességként”{{jegyzet*|''landmark'': olyan épület, amelyről a környéket könnyű felismerni, jellegzetes helyi nevezetesség}} írt le, és az Underground építészetének klasszikus szakasza kezdeteként könyvelt el.{{refhely|Barman|136. o.}} Az egységes és teljes dizájn érdekében Pick megkérte a mérnököket, hogy bocsássák Holden rendelkezésére az állomásokhoz szükséges felszerelések teljes listáját. Miután utolsó pillanatban változtattak a felszerelésen, az első néhány állomásépület egységes dizájnja csorbát szenvedett, ezért Pick személyesen felügyelte az építészeti és a mérnöki munka koordinálását a továbbiakban.{{refhely|Barman|137–39. o.}} Az 1930-as években, amikor a villamosokat felváltó [[trolibusz]]ok miatt a felsővezetéket tartó oszlopokat kellett elhelyezni, Picket rendkívüli módon izgatta az oszlopok dizájnjának koordinálása, hogy minden szükéges tábla egységes legyen rajtuk. Ugyancsak személyesen felügyelte az új buszmegállók kialakítását.{{refhely|Barman|236–40. o.}}
===A London Passenger Transport Board létrehozása===
[[File:LPTA map.png|thumb|left|A ''The London Passenger Transport Area'' (körülbelül: „Londoni tömegközlekedési terület”; piros körvonallal) [[London megye]] határain (szürke terület) jóval túl nyúlt]]
<!--At the beginning of the 1920s, with vehicle numbers depleted by wartime service in France and Belgium, the Underground Group's bus operations began to experience a surge in competition from a large number of new independent bus operators. These small operators were unregulated and preyed on the group's most profitable routes taking away a large number of its passengers and a large amount of its income. Albert Stanley (ennobled as Lord Ashfield in 1920) and Pick fought back by calling on parliament to regulate bus operations in the capital. The [[London Traffic Act 1924]] granted their request by establishing the [[London Traffic Area]] to regulate road passenger traffic within London and the surrounding districts.{{sfn|Barman|1979|pp=142–44}} Throughout the 1920s, Pick led the Underground Group's efforts to coordinate its services with the municipal tram operators, the [[Metropolitan Railway]] and the suburban mainline rail services. The aim was to achieve a pooling of income between all of the operators and remove wasteful competition. At the end of 1930, a solution was announced in a bill for the formation of the [[London Passenger Transport Board]] (LPTB), a public corporation which was to take control of the Underground Group, the Metropolitan Railway and the majority of the bus and tram operators within an area designated as the London Passenger Transport Area covering the [[County of London]] and [[Middlesex]] and parts of [[Buckinghamshire]], [[Essex]], [[Hertfordshire]], [[Kent]], [[Surrey]] and [[Sussex]].{{sfn|Barman|1979|pp=144–47}}{{#tag:ref|The mainline railways' suburban lines remained outside of the LPTB's control, but the railway companies did participate in the common fund to pool revenue for suburban passenger services.{{sfn|Barman|1979|pp=146–47}}|group="note"}}
Pick had become joint managing director of the Underground Group in 1928, and when, on 1 July 1933, the group was taken over by the LPTB, he became [[chief executive officer]] and vice-chairman,{{sfn|Elliot|Robbins|2008}} on an annual salary of £10,000 (approximately £{{Formatprice|{{Inflation|UK|10000|1933|r=-4}}|0}} in present day terms).<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1933/may/22/london-passenger-transport-board|title=London Passenger Transport Board – answers|date=22 May 1933|work=[[Hansard]]|volume=278|accessdate=28 April 2011|ref=harv}}</ref>{{Inflation-fn|UK}} Ashfield was chairman. Pick led the board's negotiations on the compensation to be paid to the owners and shareholders of each of the transport operations being taken over.{{sfn|Barman|1979|p=156}}{{#tag:ref|In a lecture given in 1934, Pick summarised the work involved in the creation of the LPTB as a negotiation to take-over "five railway companies, fourteen municipally owned tramway undertakings, three company-owned tramway undertakings, sixty-six omnibus and coach companies and the whole or part of not less sixty-nine other omnibus and coach companies".{{sfn|Barman|1979|p=156}}|group="note"}}
With the majority of London's transport operations now under the control of a single organisation, Pick was able to commence the next round of improvements. On the Metropolitan Railway (renamed the [[Metropolitan line]]), Pick and Ashfield began to rationalise services. The barely used and loss-making [[Brill Tramway|Brill]] and [[Verney Junction railway station|Verney Junction]] branches beyond [[Aylesbury railway station|Aylesbury]] were closed in 1935 and 1936.{{sfn|Day|Reed|2008|p=120}} Freight services were reduced and electrification of the remaining steam operated sections of the line was planned.{{sfn|Jones|1974|p=56}} In 1935, the availability of [[government-backed loan]]s to stimulate the flagging economy allowed Pick to promote system-wide improvements under the [[New Works Programme|New Works Programme for 1935–1940]], including the transfer of the Metropolitan line's [[Stanmore tube station|Stanmore]] services to the [[Bakerloo line]] in 1939, the [[Northern line]]'s [[Northern line#Northern Heights|Northern Heights]] project and extension of the [[Central line]] to [[Ongar railway station|Ongar]] in Essex and [[Denham railway station|Denham]] in Buckinghamshire.{{sfn|Day|Reed|2008|p=118}}<ref group=note>Much of the works were interrupted by [[World War II]]. After the War, changed priorities, funding shortages and the creation of London's [[Metropolitan Green Belt]] led to much of the Northern line expansion plan being cancelled and delays in completing other plans.</ref>
During 1938 and 1939, with war anticipated, an increasing part of Pick's time was spent in planning for the approaching conflict. The [[Railway Executive Committee]] was reconstituted in 1938 to act as a central coordinating body for the country's railways with Pick as the LPTB's representative. This role absorbed most of his time after the committee took over control of the railways on 1 September 1939. Following a disagreement with other members of the LPTB board over the government's proposals to limit the dividend that it could pay to its shareholders, Pick stated his intention to retire from the board at the end of his seven-year appointment in May 1940.{{sfn|Barman|1979|pp=254–59}}{{#tag:ref|The disagreement was over a matter of principle: whether the board should accept the government's plan to limit the LPTB's dividend payments to a fraction of the amount that it was statutorily required to pay. Ashfield and other board members were prepared to accept the proposal, but Pick believed that the board should not agree to the imposed limitation of its responsibility. The matter was somewhat technical, as the statutory dividend had not once been paid in full since the LPTB's creation in 1933.{{sfn|Barman|1979|pp=257–58}}|group="note"}} Pick had previously suggested a reorganisation of the LPTB's senior management structure and hoped to be able to continue with the organisation in some sort of joint general manager position. Ashfield chose not to find a such a continuing role for Pick and, on 18 May 1940, to the surprise of many within the organisation, Pick retired from the LPTB board, officially due to failing health. Pick's post of chief executive was abolished and replaced with a group of six heads of department.{{sfn|Barman|1979|pp=258–59}}{{sfn|Karol|2007|p=378}}<ref name=retirement>{{cite news |url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/583/853/116451823w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS134690438&dyn=3!xrn_3_0_CS134690438 |work=[[The Times]] |title=Mr Frank Pick to Retire |date=6 April 1940 |issue=48583 |page=8 |accessdate=29 April 2011 }}{{Subscription required}}</ref> -->
==Megjegyzések==
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