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„F–89 Scorpion” változatai közötti eltérés

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7. sor:
[[Douglas F3D Skyknight|XF3D-1 Skynight]] prototípusának kifejlesztésére is megbízást kapott.<ref name= "Davis p. 4"/>
 
Az első '''XP-89''' prototípus először 1948. augusztus 16-án szállt fel Fred C. Bretcher berepülő pilóta vezetésével.<ref name="AI Jul p46">>''Air International'' July 1988, p. 46.</ref> A próba időszakban hosszú idei a Curtiss konstrukciója vezetett, de végül a Northrop repülőgép bizonyult jobbnak.<ref name= "Davis p. 5">Davis and Menard 1990, p. 5.</ref> Az USAF többi éjszakai vadászgépét abban az időben nappali vadászgépekből fejlesztették ki, ilyen volt a Lockheed [[F-94 Starfire]] és az [[F-86 Sabre]].
 
==Szolgálatban==
[[Fájl:Northrop F-89A Scorpion in flight.jpg|thumb|Egy korai F-89A.]]
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One of the unusual aspects of the design was the use of Northrop's "[[Deceleron]]", a combination aileron/dive brake/flap that could be accommodated in the slim wing design.<ref name= "Davis p. 4"/> The unique feature added to the prototype during development was to become a Northrop trademark, still used today on the [[B-2 Spirit]]. Contracts for two prototypes were issued in December 1946, while Douglas with their [[Douglas F3D Skyknight|XF3D-1 Skynight]] and Curtiss for their [[Curtiss-Wright XF-87 Blackhawk|XF-87 Blackhawk]] prototypes also were awarded development contracts.<ref name= "Davis p. 4"/>
 
Production was authorized in January 1949,<ref name="Knaack p85">Knaack 1978, p. 85.</ref> with the first production '''F-89A''' flying in September 1950. It had AN/APG-33 radar and an armament of six 20&nbsp;mm (.79&nbsp;in) [[Hispano-Suiza HS.404|T-31]] cannons with 200 rpg. The swiveling nose turret was abandoned, and 300&nbsp;US gal (1,100&nbsp;l) fuel tanks were permanently fitted to the wingtips. Underwing racks could carry 16 5&nbsp;in (127&nbsp;mm) aerial rockets or up to 3,200&nbsp;lb (1,455&nbsp;kg) of bombs.<ref name="AI Jul p47-8"/>
The initial '''XP-89''' prototype made its first flight on 16 August 1948, with test pilot Fred C. Bretcher at the controls.<ref name="AI Jul p46">''Air International'' July 1988, p. 46.</ref> For much of the testing period, Curtiss's entry had been the front-runner for the contract, but in a competition fly-off with its main competitors, the Northrop design proved superior.<ref name= "Davis p. 5">Davis and Menard 1990, p. 5.</ref> Other USAF interceptors such as the [[Lockheed F-94 Starfire|F-94 Starfire]] and [[F-86 Sabre]] had been adapted from day fighter designs.
 
Only eighteen F-89As were completed, which were mainly used for tests and trials, before the type was upgraded to '''F-89B''' standard, with new avionics.<ref name="AI Jul p47-8">''Air International'' July 1988, pp. 47–48.</ref> The type entered service with the [[84th Flying Training Squadron|84th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron]] in June 1951.<ref name="Knaack p87">Knaack 1978, p. 87.</ref> These had considerable problems with engines and other systems, and soon gave way to the '''F-89C'''. Despite repeated engine changes, problems persisted, compounded by the discovery of structural problems with the wings that led to the grounding of the F-89 and forced a refit of 194 -A, -B, and -C models.<ref name="Knaack p88-9">Knaack 1978, pp. 88–89.</ref>
 
The major production model was the '''F-89D''', which first flew 23 October 1951 and entered service in 1954. It removed the cannon in favor of a new Hughes E-6 fire control system with AN/APG-40 radar and an AN/APA-84 computer. Armament was two pods of 52 2.75&nbsp;in (70&nbsp;mm) "Mighty Mouse" [[Mk 4/Mk 40 Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket|FFAR]] rockets, for a total of 104.<ref name="AI Aug p88-9">''Air International'' August 1988, pp. 88–89.</ref> A total of 682 were built.<ref name="Knaack p93"/>
 
Proposed re-engined F-89s, designated '''F-89E''' and '''F-89F''', were not built, nor was a proposed '''F-89G''' that would have used Hughes MA-1 fire control and [[AIM-4 Falcon|GAR-1/GAR-2 Falcon]] [[air-to-air missile]]s like the [[F-102 Delta Dagger]].
 
The subsequent '''F-89H''', which entered service in 1956, had an E-9 fire control system like that of the early F-102 and massive new wingtip pods each holding three Falcons (usually three [[semi-active radar homing]] GAR-1s and three [[infrared homing|infrared]] GAR-2s) and 21 FFARs, for a total of six missiles and 42 rockets. Problems with the fire control system delayed the -H's entry into service, by which time its performance was notably inferior to newer [[supersonic]] interceptors, so it was phased out of USAF service by 1959.
 
The final variant was the '''F-89J'''. This was based on the F-89D, but replaced the standard wingtip missile pod/tanks with 600&nbsp;gal (2,271&nbsp;l) fuel tanks and fitted a pylon under each wing for a single [[AIR-2|MB-1 Genie]] nuclear rocket (sometimes supplemented by up to four conventional Falcon air-to-air missiles). The F-89J became the only aircraft to fire a live Genie as the John Shot of [[Operation Plumbbob]] on 19 July 1957. There were no new-build F-89Js, but 350 -Ds were modified to this standard. They served with the [[Air Defense Command]], later renamed the [[Aerospace Defense Command]] (ADC), through 1959 and with ADC-gained units of the [[Air National Guard]] through 1969. This version of the aircraft was extensively used within the [[Semi Automatic Ground Environment]] (SAGE) air defense system.
 
A total of 1,050 Scorpions of all variants were produced.
 
 
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A lap eredeti címe: „https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F–89_Scorpion”