|
* {{Finnország}}
* {{Írország}}
== List of neutral countries ==
Some countries may occasionally claim to be "neutral" but not comply with the internationally agreed upon definition of neutrality as listed above.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:110pt;"| State
! style="width:210pt;"| Period(s) of neutrality
! Notes
|-
| {{AUT}}
| 1920–1938 (after [[World War I]] to [[Anschluss|annexation by Germany]])<br />1955–present ([[Declaration of Neutrality]])
| {{main|Declaration of Neutrality}}
*Bound by [[Constitution of Austria]] and the 1955 [[Austrian State Treaty]] (demanded by [[Soviet Union]] at the end of the [[Second World War]] and guaranteed by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France).<ref name="nato notes">{{cite web|url=http://nato.gov.si/eng/topic/national-security/neutral-status/neutral-countries/|title=Neutral European countries|website=nato.gov.si}}</ref>
*The constitution prohibits military alliances and foreign military bases in Austria.<ref name="nato notes"/>
*An EU Member since 1995: ''military non-aligned'', see [[#European Union|points of debate § European Union]].
|-
| {{CRI}}
| 1949–present
|
*Neutral since [[Military of Costa Rica|its military]] was dissolved in 1949.<ref name="costa rica">{{cite web|access-date=2008-02-27 |url=http://dev.prenhall.com/divisions/hss/worldreference/CR/defense.html |title=Costa Rica |publisher=World Desk Reference |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080211185659/http://dev.prenhall.com/divisions/hss/worldreference/CR/defense.html |archive-date=February 11, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elespiritudel48.org/docu/h013.htm|website=Elepiritudel48.org|title=Abolición del Ejército|access-date=2008-03-09 |language=es}}</ref>
*Ratified by law in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2014/11/19/actualidad/1416428162_260608.html|author=Álvaro Murillo |work=El País |title=Costa Rica prohíbe por ley participar en cualquier guerra|access-date=2008-03-09 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
| {{FIN}}
| 1935–1939 (to [[Winter War]])<br />1956–present (from return of [[Porkkala]] rental area)
| {{main|Foreign relations of Finland}}
*[[Finlandization]]
*The [[YYA Treaty]] (Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance) was signed on 1948, the Soviets sought to deter Western or Allied Powers from attacking the Soviet Union through Finnish territory, and the Finns sought to increase Finland's political independence from the Soviet Union. The treaty came to an end in 1992.
*An EU Member [[1995 enlargement of the European Union|since 1995]]: ''military non-aligned'', see [[#European Union|points of debate § European Union]].
*Has provided military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=Finland Sends Defence Material to Ukraine, Considers Sending Weapons |website=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/finland-sends-defence-material-to-ukrain-idUSKBN2KW0T5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308085213/https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/finland-sends-defence-material-to-ukrain-idUSKBN2KW0T5 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Luukka |first1=Teemu |last2=Huhtanen |first2=Jarmo |last3=Muhonen |first3=Helmi |date=28 February 2022 |title=Suomi lähettää aseita Ukrainalle – Pääministeri Marin: "Päätös on historiallinen" |language=fi |trans-title=Finland sends arms to Ukraine - Prime minister Marin: "Historical decision" |work=[[Helsingin Sanomat]] |location= |url=https://www.hs.fi/politiikka/art-2000008647428.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228190808/https://www.hs.fi/politiikka/art-2000008647428.html |archive-date=28 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=24 March 2022 |title=Pääministeri Marin: Suomi lähettää lisää aseellista apua Ukrainaan |language=fi |trans-title=Prime Minister Marin: Finland will send more arms aid to Ukraine |work=[[Helsingin Sanomat]] |url=https://www.hs.fi/politiikka/art-2000008704740.html |access-date=2 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=19 April 2022 |title=Finland to provide more defence materiel assistance to Ukraine |work=Ministry of Defence |url=https://valtioneuvosto.fi/-/suomelta-lisaa-puolustustarvikeapua-ukrainaan?languageId=en_US |access-date=20 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Hopi}} [[Hopi Reservation|Hopituskwa]]
| 1680–1700 (to sacking of [[Awatovi Ruins|Awatovi]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Mesa of Sorrows: A History of the Awat’ovi Massacre|last=Brooks |first=James |date=February 2016|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company}}</ref><br />1864–present
|{{see also|Pueblo Revolt}}
*Generally remained outside colonial spheres of influence, with isolation serving as the greatest guarantor of neutrality.<ref>{{cite book|title=These People Have Always Been a Republic: Indigenous Electorates in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands, 1598–1912|last=Crandall |first=Maurice |date=September 2019|publisher=University of North Carolina Press}}</ref>
|-
| {{IRL}}
| 1939–present<ref>[http://www.isac-fund.org/download/NEUTRALNOST-ENG-F-2WEB.pdf Neutrality in the 21st century - Lessons for Serbia]. ISAC Fond. 2013.</ref>
| {{main|Irish neutrality}}
*Established a policy of neutrality [[Irish neutrality during World War II|during World War II]], known as [[The Emergency (Ireland)|the Emergency]] in Ireland.<ref name="nato notes"/>
**Despite this policy, Ireland made concessions to the [[Allies of World War II|Allied Powers]] by secretly sharing intelligence and weather reports as well as by repatriating downed [[Royal Air Force]] airmen.<ref name=warroom>{{cite web|last=Burke |first=Dan |title=Benevolent Neutrality |url=http://www.csn.ul.ie/~dan/war/bene.htm |work=The War Room |access-date=25 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620114156/http://www.csn.ul.ie/~dan/war/bene.htm |archive-date=20 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Joe McCabe |url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/how-blacksod-lighthouse-changed-the-course-of-the-second-world-war-30319681.html |title=How Blacksod lighthouse changed the course of the Second World War |website=Independent.ie |date=1944-06-03 |access-date=2016-04-21}}</ref>
**It was believed that Ireland would take the German side if the [[United Kingdom]] attempted to invade Ireland, but would take the British side if invaded by [[Nazi Germany]].
**After the war, it was discovered that Germany had drawn up plans to invade Ireland in order to use the country for launching attacks into the United Kingdom, known as [[Operation Green (Ireland)|Operation Green]].
**Conversely, had Ireland been invaded, the United Kingdom had drawn up secret plans to invade Ireland in collaboration with the Irish Government to push Germany back out, known as [[Plan W]].<ref>John P. Duggan, ''Neutral Ireland and the Third Reich'' Lilliput Press; Rev. ed edition, 1989. p. 223</ref>
*Ireland was invited to join [[NATO]] but did not wish to be in an alliance that included the United Kingdom.<ref name="nato notes"/>
**Attached the condition of [[United Ireland|Irish reunification]] to membership.<ref name="nato notes"/>
**Was clear that NATO would defend Ireland in the event of war, in part because [[Northern Ireland]] belonged to the United Kingdom.<ref name="nato notes"/>
*An EU Member since 1973: ''military non-aligned'', see [[#European Union|points of debate § European Union]].
**Was granted a special acknowledgement in the [[Seville Declarations on the Treaty of Nice]] due to its views on the use of force in international politics.
*Has provided military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Conor |date=27 February 2022 |title=Ireland to fund provision of non-lethal equipment to Ukrainian military |url=https://irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/ireland-to-fund-provision-of-non-lethal-equipment-to-ukrainian-military-1.4813568 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227205458/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/ireland-to-fund-provision-of-non-lethal-equipment-to-ukrainian-military-1.4813568 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=The Irish Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 February 2022 |title=Ireland will not contribute to provision of lethal weapons to Ukraine |url=https://irishexaminer.com/news/arid-40817991.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228141919/https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-40817991.html |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Murphy |first1=David |date=27 February 2022 |title=Ireland 'constructively abstains' from EU arms package |url=https://rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0226/1283234-irish-airspace/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227101725/https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0226/1283234-irish-airspace/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[RTÉ.ie]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{JPN}}
| 1947–present
| {{main|Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution}}
*Constitutionally forbidden from participating in wars, but [[Defence policy of Japan|has policy of maintaining the heavily armed]] [[Japanese Self-Defense Forces]] and a [[Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan|close military alliance with United States]]
|-
| {{LIE}}
| 1868–present
|
*Neutral because the military was dissolved in 1868.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2008-02-27|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/9403.htm|title=Background Note: Liechtenstein |publisher=United States Department of State }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.landespolizei.li/Portals/0/docs/pdf-Files/Imagebroschuere_LP_e_end.pdf |title=Imagebroschuere_LP_e.indd |access-date=2014-11-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516220753/http://www.landespolizei.li/Portals/0/docs/pdf-Files/Imagebroschuere_LP_e_end.pdf |archive-date=2013-05-16 }}</ref>
|-
| {{MLT}}
| 1980–present
|
*Policy of neutrality since 1980, guaranteed in a treaty with Italy.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Peacetime Use of Foreign Military Installations Under Modern International Law |last=Woodliffe |first=John |year=1992 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |location=Dordrecht |isbn=0-7923-1879-X |pages=99–100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVW8d2NiXSYC&q=italy+malta+neutrality&pg=PA99 |access-date=2009-04-11}}</ref>
*An EU Member since 2004: ''military non-aligned'', see [[#European Union|points of debate § European Union]].
|-
| {{MEX}}
| 1930–1942 (to [[World War II]])<br />1945–present
|
*Opened its borders in the 20th century to political refugees fleeing [[Francoist Spain]] and the [[military dictatorship]]s of [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]].
*Since 2000, Mexico ignored the neutrality policy under foreign secretaries [[Jorge G. Castañeda]] and [[Luis Ernesto Derbez]]. Whether historical neutrality is to be kept is now internally debated. The Mexican formulation of neutrality is known as [[Estrada doctrine]].<ref>{{cite web|author=La Jornada |url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2007/04/27/index.php?section=opinion&article=023a2pol |title=Adiós a la neutralidad - La Jornada |publisher=Jornada.unam.mx |date=27 April 2007 |access-date=2013-09-19}}</ref>
|-
| {{MON}}
| 1814–1942 (to [[World War II]])<br />1945–present
|
*A [[United Nations]] member since 1993.
|-
| {{MNG}}
| 1914–1918 (neutral during [[World War I]])<br />2015–present
|
*During World War I Mongolia was neutral, but became a belligerent country of World War II. In September 2015, Mongolian President [[Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj]] in the 70th UN General Assembly speech suddenly announced that Mongolia will implement the "policy of permanent neutrality," and called on the international community to recognise Mongolian neutrality.<ref name=mongolianeutrality>{{cite web|url=http://news.qq.com/a/20151022/011432.htm|title=Why Mongolia wants to "permanently neutral" can be authorized for an observation|publisher=Tencent News|date=22 October 2015}}</ref>
*Is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
| {{MLD}}
| 1994–present
|
*Article 11 of the [[Constitution of Moldova (1994)|1994 Constitution]] proclaims "permanent neutrality".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ijc.md/Publicatii/mlu/legislatie/Constitution_of_RM.pdf |title=Constitution of the Republic of Moldova |access-date=2017-04-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305233501/http://ijc.md/Publicatii/mlu/legislatie/Constitution_of_RM.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-05 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Panama}}
| 1989–present
|
*The neutrality of the [[Panama Canal]] is enshrined by specific treaty.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://docs.micanaldepanama.com/en/about-acp/legal-foundations/neutrality-treaty.pdf|title=TREATY CONCERNING THE PERMANENT NEUTRALITY AND OPERATION OF THE PANAMA CANAL|website=pancanal.com|access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref>
*Is member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
| {{RWA}}
| 2009–present
|
*After the [[1994 Rwandan Genocide|1994 genocide]], Rwanda announced permanent neutrality in 2009 after joining the [[Commonwealth of Nations]].<ref name=rwandajoins>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8384930.stm|title=Rwanda becomes a member of the Commonwealth|work=BBC News|date=29 November 2009}}</ref>
*Is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
| {{SMR}}
| 1815–1944 (to [[World War II]])<br /> 1945–present
| {{Main|Battle of San Marino}}
*Neutral during [[World War I]].
*Declared its neutrality again in 1939, but following its occupation by [[Nazi Germany]] in 1944, the Sammarinese government declared war on the Axis, and joined with British forces in Italy to drive them out.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://worldatwar.net/timeline/other/diplomacy39-45.html
|title=A Timeline of Diplomatic Ruptures, Unannounced Invasions, Declarations of War, Armistices and Surrenders.
|publisher=WorldAtWar
|accessdate=2009-08-12}}</ref>
*A [[United Nations]] member since 1992.
|-
| {{SRB}}
| 2007–present
|
*The [[National Assembly (Serbia)|National Assembly of Serbia]] declared armed neutrality in 2007.<ref>[http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1238985121.47 Enclosed by NATO, Serbia ponders next move] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407000013/http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1238985121.47 |date=2009-04-07 }} AFP, 6 April 2009</ref><br /> Serbia is the only state in the former [[Yugoslavia]] that is not seeking NATO membership, due to the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia|NATO bombing in 1999]] and the ensuing secession of [[Kosovo]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/128138.pdf|title=PRESS STATEMENT : EU facilitated dialogue: Agreement on Regional Cooperation and IBM technical protocol|website=Consilium.europa.eu|access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref> but also due to a close relationship with the [[Russia|Russian Federation]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ejdus|first=Filip|date=2014|title=Serbia's Military Neutrality: origins, effects and challenges|url=https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/cirr.2014.20.issue-71/cirr-2014-0008/cirr-2014-0008.pdf|journal=Croatian International Relations Review|language=en|pages=43–69|doi=10.2478/cirr2014-0008|doi-broken-date=28 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{SGP}}
| 1965–present
|
*Expelled from the [[Malaysia|Federation of Malaysia]] after two years, gaining independence in 1965.
*A founding member of [[ASEAN]] alongside its south-east Asian neighbours.
*Has not been involved in any war since independence except had an incident in 1975 when a South Vietnamese pilot flew his family out of [[South Vietnam]] as war refugees in a stolen plane (a C-130 owned by the [[National Air and Space Museum|Smithsonian Air & Space Museum]]) from the [[Vietnam War]] as [[North Vietnam]] invaded in 1975.
*Is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
| {{SWE}}
| 1814–1918 (to [[Finnish Civil War#German intervention|Finnish Civil War]])<br />1919–present
| {{main|Swedish neutrality|Sweden during World War II}}
*First nation in the world to declare neutrality in 1814.
**Formally proclaimed by [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|King Charles XIV John]] in 1834.<ref name="nato notes"/>
*Sweden has not been part of a war since 1814. This makes Sweden the nation which has had the longest period of peace.
**Has adapted policy to protect its interests. In World War II it allowed the [[Wehrmacht]] through its territory to [[Finland]] for the [[Operation Barbarossa|invasion of the Soviet Union]], while also protecting refugees from the Nazis.<ref name="nato notes"/>
*An EU Member since 1995: ''military non-aligned'', see [[#European Union|points of debate § European Union]].
*Has nevertheless deployed combat troops to military conflicts overseas under [[United Nations]] command as part of [[United Nations Operation in the Congo|ONUC]] during the [[Congo Crisis]] (1961-1964), and as part of [[United Nations Protection Force|UNPROFOR]] during the Bosnian War (1992-1995). Swedish military forces also participated in the [[War in Afghanistan]], the [[First Libyan Civil War]] and the [[Mali War]].
*Has provided military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War.<ref>{{cite news |last=Storkaas |first=Adelina |date=28 February 2022 |title=Klart: Sverige skickar vapen och skyddsutrustning till Ukraina |language=sv |trans-title=Done:Sweden sends weapons and protection gear to Ukraine |work=[[Sveriges Television|SVT]] |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/utrikes/klart-sverige-skickar-vapen-och-skyddsutrustning-till-ukraina |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228170108/https://www.svt.se/nyheter/utrikes/klart-sverige-skickar-vapen-och-skyddsutrustning-till-ukraina |archive-date=28 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Binnur Donmez |first=Beyza |date=28 February 2022 |title=Neutral countries support Ukraine against Russian war |url=https://aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-crisis/neutral-countries-support-ukraine-against-russian-war/2518177 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228135356/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-crisis/neutral-countries-support-ukraine-against-russian-war/2518177 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=Anadolu Agency}}</ref><ref name="AftonbladetAid">{{cite web |last=Ruderstam |first=Jacob |date=27 February 2022 |title=Här är vapnet Sverige skickar till Ukraina: "Kommer ge effekt" |trans-title=This is the weapon Sweden sends to Ukraine: "Will give effect" |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/g6O7wA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228174752/https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/g6O7wA/sverige-skickar-vapen-till-ukraina |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=[[Aftonbladet]] |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Nyheter |first1=S. V. T. |last2=Stahle |first2=Nils |date=2022-03-23 |title=Sverige skickar fler vapen till Ukraina |language=sv |work=SVT Nyheter |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/sverige-skickar-fler-vapen-till-ukraina |access-date=2022-03-23}}</ref>
|-
| {{SUI}}
| 1815–present
| {{main|Swiss neutrality|Switzerland during the World Wars}}{{Further|Aerial incidents in Switzerland in World War II|Operation Tannenbaum}}
*Self-imposed, permanent, and armed, designed to ensure external security. Because of that, it is the most globally known example of a neutral country.
*The 1815 [[Congress of Vienna]] re-established Switzerland and its permanent neutrality was guaranteed by France, Prussia, Russia, the United Kingdom and others.<ref name="nato notes"/>
*Swiss neutrality was so rigorously defended that the country refused even to join the United Nations until 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/mar/04/unitednations|title=Switzerland decides to join UN|first=Rory|last=Carroll|date=4 March 2002|website=The Guardian}}</ref>
*However, the Swiss announced sanctions against Russia in 2022 in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. They had previously only put in place sanctions created by the United Nations Security Council.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/neutral-swiss-adopt-sanctions-against-russia-2022-02-28/|title=Neutral Swiss join EU sanctions against Russia in break with past|newspaper=Reuters|date=28 February 2022|last1=Shields|first1=Michael}}</ref>
|-
| {{TKM}}
| 1995–present
|
*Declared its complete neutrality and had it formally recognized by the [[United Nations]] in 1995.<ref name="UN">{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/50/a50r080.htm|title=A/RES/50/80; U.N. General Assembly|website=Un.org|access-date=29 December 2009}}</ref>
*Is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
| {{UZB}}
| 2012–present
|
*In 2012, the law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On approval of the Concept of foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan" was adopted<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lex.uz/ru/docs/39322|title=ОБ ОСНОВНЫХ ПРИНЦИПАХ ВНЕШНЕПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН|website=Lex.uz|access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref>
*Is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
| {{VAT}}
| 1929–present
|{{Main|Vatican City during World War II}}
*The [[Lateran Treaty]] signed in 1929 with Italy imposed that "The [[Pope]] was pledged to perpetual neutrality in international relations and to abstention from mediation in a controversy unless specifically requested by all parties" thus making Vatican City neutral since then.
|}
=== List of formerly neutral countries ===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:110pt;"| State
! style="width:210pt;"| Period(s) of neutrality
! Notes
|-
| [[File:Flag of Afghanistan (1931–1973).svg|border|23 px]] [[Afghanistan]]
| 1914–1918 (neutral during [[World War I]])<br />1939–1945 (neutral during [[World War II]])
|
*Is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]]
|-
| {{ALB}}
| 1914–1918 (neutral during [[World War I]])<br />1968 (attempted neutrality during the [[Prague Spring]])
|
*A [[NATO]] member since 2009.
|-
| {{ARG}}
| 1914–1918 (neutral during [[World War I]])<br />1939–1945 (attempted neutrality during [[World War II]])
|{{Main|Argentina during World War II}}
*Declared neutrality at the start of the [[Second World War]], even though it was disrupted by the threat of economic sanctions, expulsion of the [[League of Nations]] and a very likely invasion out of suspicion of alliance with [[Nazi Germany]] by the [[United States]] to persuade Argentina to declare war to the [[Axis powers|Axis Powers]], which they did in 1945.
|-
| {{BEL}}
| 1839–1914 (to [[World War I]])<br />1936–1940 (to [[World War II]])
|
*Neutral stance from [[Treaty of London (1839)|Treaty of London]] until the [[Treaty of Versailles]], after the [[German invasion of Belgium (1914)|German invasion]] and [[German occupation of Belgium during World War I|occupation of Belgium]].
*Proclaimed neutrality in October 1936 and severed [[Franco-Belgian Accord of 1920|1920 accord with France]].
*Neutrality abolished again after World War II following the [[Battle of Belgium]].
*A [[NATO]] member since 1949.
*Is a member of the [[European Union]].
|-
| {{flag|Bhutan|1949}}
| 1914–1918 (neutral during [[World War I]])<br />1939–1945 (neutral during [[World War II]])
|
*In accordance with the [[Treaty of Punakha]] in 1910, Bhutan during World War II to deal with foreign relations powers to the United Kingdom, Bhutan became the de facto wartime neutral country.
*Is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
| {{CAM}}
| 1955–1970 (to [[Vietnam War]])
|
*Is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
| {{CHL}}
| 1914–1918 (neutral during [[World War I]])<br />1938–1943 (to [[World War II]])
|{{see also|List of wars involving Chile}}
*A [[Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance|Rio Pact]] member since 1948.
*Provided aid to the United Kingdom during the [[Falklands War]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Chile admits helping UK in Falklands | website=The Age | date=2005-06-27 | url=https://www.theage.com.au/world/chile-admits-helping-uk-in-falklands-20050627-ge0ewn.html | access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Freedman | first=L. | title=The Official History of the Falklands Campaign, Volume 1: The Origins of the Falklands War | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Government Official History Series | year=2004 | isbn=978-1-135-77589-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZSF6bpWm04C | access-date=2020-05-20 }}</ref>
*Is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
| {{DEN}}
| 1864–1940 (after [[Second Schleswig War]] to [[World War II]])
|
*A [[NATO]] member since 1949.
*A [[European Union]] member since 1973.
|-
| {{flag|El Salvador}}
| 1906–1941 (to [[World War II]])
|{{see also|Military dictatorship in El Salvador}}
*Participated in the [[Multi-National Force – Iraq]] from 2003 until 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=El Salvador withdraws last soldiers from Iraq|url=http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/El-Salvador-withdraws-last-soldiers-from-Iraq|access-date=20 December 2015|publisher=The Jerusalem Post|date=7 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222140804/http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/El-Salvador-withdraws-last-soldiers-from-Iraq|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| {{EST}}
| 1938–1939 (to [[World War II]])
|
*Declared its neutrality 1938, but was thereafter forced to allow troops of the [[Soviet Union]] to enter in 1939 and was [[occupation of the Baltic states|occupied]] by it 1940 in accordance with the [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]].
*A [[NATO]] and EU member since 2004.
|-
| {{flagicon|Ethiopian Empire}} [[Ethiopia]]
| 1914–1918 (neutral during [[World War I]])
|
*Is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
|{{flagicon|Iroquois}} [[Iroquois Confederacy|Haudenosaunee]]
| 1783–1917 (to [[World War I]])
|
*The confederation never made peace with Germany following the end of World War I.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Thomas D. Morgan |year=1995 |title=Native Americans in World War II |journal=Army History|issue=35 |pages=22–27 |jstor=26304400 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26304400 |access-date=2022-01-29 | url-status= live}}</ref> They subsequently issued a second war declaration in 1942 following the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States joining the war.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee: Native America from 1890 to the Present|last=Treuer |first=David |date=22 January 2019|publisher=Riverhead Books}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Flag of the Hungarian Revolution (1956; 1-2 aspect ratio).svg|25 px]] [[Hungary]]
| 1956 (attempted neutrality during the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956|Hungarian Revolution]])
|
*A [[NATO]] member since 1999.
*A [[European Union]] member since 2004.
|-
| {{flag|Persia|1910}} ([[Iran]])
| 1914–1918 (neutral during [[World War I]])<br />1939–1943 (neutral during [[World War II]])
|{{main|Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran}}
* Occupied by the Allies in 1941, subsequently declared war on the Axis in 1943.
* Is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Iceland}}
| 1918–1940 (to [[World War II]])
|{{main|Allied occupation of Iceland|British invasion of Iceland|Iceland in World War II}}
*Declared its neutrality in 1940 after the fall of Denmark, but was thereafter invaded and occupied by British troops. The government later requested the United States assume the role of its defense for the duration of the war.
*A [[NATO]] member since 1949.
|-
| {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Italy]]
| 1914–1915 (to [[World War I]])
|
*Declared neutrality at the beginning of World War I despite being allied with [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[Austria-Hungary]] in the [[Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance]].
*Later renounced neutrality and joined the [[Allies of World War I|Allied Powers]] in exchange for territorial cessions through the secret [[Treaty of London (1915)|Treaty of London]].
*A [[NATO]] member since 1949.
*EU member since 1957.
|-
| {{flagicon|Kingdom of Laos}} [[Laos]]
| 1955–1975 (ostensibly neutral throughout the [[Vietnam War]])
|
*The [[International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos]] was signed in [[Geneva]] on July 23, 1962, by 14 nations, including the five permanent members of the [[United Nations Security Council]]. However throughout the [[Laotian Civil War]], Laos was fighting the [[PAVN]] and [[Pathet Lao]] with the help of the United States among other anti-communist countries. Laos's neutrality can therefore be described as a "false neutrality".
*Is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|-
| {{LAT}}
| 1938–1939 (to [[World War II]])
|
*Declared its neutrality 1938, but was thereafter forced to allow troops of the [[Soviet Union]] to enter in 1939 and was [[occupation of the Baltic states|occupied]] by it 1940 in accordance with the [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]].
*A [[NATO]] and EU member since 2004.
|-
| {{LIT}}
| 1939 (to [[World War II]])
|
*Declared its neutrality 1939, but was thereafter forced to allow troops of the [[Soviet Union]] to enter in 1939 and was [[occupation of the Baltic states|occupied]] by it 1940 in accordance with the [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]].
*A [[NATO]] and EU member since 2004.
|-
| {{LUX}}
| 1839–1914 (to [[World War I]])<br />1920–1940 (to [[World War II]])
|
*Neutral stance since 1839, abolished through its [[constitution]] in 1948.
*A [[NATO]] member since 1949
*EU member since 1957
|-
| {{NLD}}
| 1839–1940 (to [[World War II]])
|
*Self-imposed neutrality between 1839 and 1940 on the [[Europe]]an continent.
*Ended after the [[Battle of the Netherlands]]
*A [[NATO]] member since 1949.
*EU member since 1957
|-
| {{NOR}}
| 1814–1940 (to [[World War II]])
| {{see also|The Neutral Ally}}
*A [[NATO]] member since 1949.
|-
| {{POR}}
| 1932–1945 (neutral during [[World War II]])
| {{main|Portugal during World War II}}
*While neutral throughout World War II, Portugal became non-belligerent towards the Allies, as evidenced in the [[Santa Maria Airport (Azores)|Azores Base]].
*A [[NATO]] member since 1949.
*EU member since 1986
|-
| {{ESP}}
| 1914–1918 (neutral during [[World War I]])<br />1940–1945 (neutral during [[World War II]])
|{{Main|Spain during World War I|Spain during World War II}}{{Further|Operation Felix}}
*While neutral throughout World War I and World War II, Spain did lean towards the [[Axis (World War II)|Axis]], as evidenced by the [[Blue Division]].
*A [[NATO]] member since 1982.
*EU member since 1986
|-
| {{flag|Tibet}}
| 1939–1945 (neutral during [[World War II]])
|{{Main|Tibet (1912-1951)}}
*While ''de facto'' [[Tibetan sovereignty debate|independent]] under the rule of the Dalai Lama, Tibet was internationally recognized as a province of China.
*[[Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China|Invaded and annexed by Communist China]] in 1951.
|-
| {{TON}}
| 1845–1939 (until [[World War II]])
|{{Main|Sālote Tupou III|Solomon Islands campaign|Guadalcanal campaign}}
*Tonga retained its sovereignty while a protectorate of the United Kingdom. It declared war on the Axis in 1939 and 1941, respectively. Since the end of the war, Tongan forces have participated minimally in foreign conflicts.
|-
| {{TUR}}
| 1940–1945 (neutral during [[World War II]])
|{{Main|German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship}}
*Signed a non-aggression pact with [[Nazi Germany]] in 1941.
*A [[NATO]] member since 1952.
|-
| {{USA}}
| 1914–1917 (to [[World War I]])<br />1939–1941 (to [[World War II]])
| {{main|United States non-interventionism}}
*Pursuant to the [[United States non-interventionism|non-interventionist]] policy set forth by [[George Washington]], the U.S. declared its neutrality at the beginning of both [[world wars]].
*However, it declared war on Germany during World War I in 1917 following the series of German [[U-boat]] attacks on American merchant ships supplying war material to the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] [[Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I|in the Atlantic Ocean]] and declared war on Japan in World War II in 1941 following the [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor]], [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]].
*A [[NATO]] member since 1949.
|-
| {{UKR}}
| 1990–2014 (to [[Russo-Ukrainian War]])
|
*Ukraine's parliament voted to drop non-aligned status on December 23, 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30587924|title=Ukraine votes to drop neutral status|date=23 December 2014|work=BBC News}}</ref><br />In its Declaration of Sovereignty (1990), Ukraine declared it had the "intention of becoming a permanently neutral state that does not participate in military blocs and adheres to three nuclear free principles" (art. 9). The 1996 Ukrainian Constitution, based upon the Declaration of Independence of August 24, 1991, contained the basic principles of non-coalition and future neutrality.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2010/11/30/ukraine%E2%80%99s-neutrality-a-myth-or-reality/|title=Ukraine's Neutrality: A Myth or Reality?|website=E-ir.info|access-date=8 September 2014}}</ref> Such policy of state non-alignment was re-confirmed by law in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine Parliament Ok's neutrality bill|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/ukraine-parliament-oks-neutrality-bill-68612.html|work=Kyiv Post|location=Kyiv, Ukraine|date=4 June 2010}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=April 2020}}
|-
| {{flag|Uruguay}}
| 1870–1945 (to [[World War II]])
|{{Main|Uruguay during World War II}}
*A [[Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance|Rio Pact]] member since 2020.
|-
| {{flag|Yugoslavia}} <br />
| 1940–1941 (to [[World War II]]) <br /> 1949–1992 (to [[Yugoslav Wars]])
|{{Main|World War II in Yugoslavia}}
*Although founding member of the [[Little Entente]] committed to it until its dissolution in 1938, after much German pressure the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] was forced to declare its neutrality between the Axis and Western powers.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=a--6hauBIb4C&pg=PA64&dq=yugoslavia+neutrality&hl=pt-PT&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj75Yr1_IreAhXmIcAKHSm0CI4Q6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20neutrality&f=false Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment] by Wayne S. Vucinich and Jozo Tomasevich, Stanford University, page 64</ref> However, following an [[Yugoslav coup d'état|anti-Axis coup]], Yugoslavia was [[Invasion of Yugoslavia|invaded]] and subsequently carved up by the Axis.
*Ever since the [[Stalin-Tito split]] in 1949, the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]] became a buffer zone between the Soviet bloc and the West. Insisting in its neutrality in the [[Cold War]], Yugoslavia became a founder and a leading force of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7mJACwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73&dq=yugoslavia+neutrality&hl=pt-PT&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj75Yr1_IreAhXmIcAKHSm0CI4Q6AEIODAC#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20neutrality&f=false Neutrality and Neutralism in the Global Cold War: Between or Within the Blocs?] by Sandra Bott, Jussi M. Hanhimaki, Janick Schaufelbuehl and Marco Wyss, page 74</ref>
|}
==Jegyzetek==
{{jegyzetek}}
| 