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„XI. Ramszesz” változatai közötti eltérés

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==Uralkodásának hossza==
XI. Ramszesz uralkodásának idejéből számos fontos papirusz maradt fenn. Az ''Örökbefogadási Papirusz,'' mely említi uralkodásának 1. és 18. évét; az ''Adózási Papirusz,'' a ''Házlista Papirusz'' és levelek egész sorozata, melyeket Thotmesz és Butehamon írnokok, valamint Pianhi főpap írtak; ezek a levelek mutatják, mennyire csökkenőben volt a király hatalma még saját tisztségviselői szemében is.
XI. Ramszesz uralkodásának idejéből számos fontos papirusz maradt fenn,
 
A ''Házlista,'' melynek szerzője ismeretlen, a 12. uralkodási évre van datálva, és két hivatalnokot említ: Panefer fő ajtónállót és Thotemheb fő raktárost. Őket a BM 10403-as és 10052-es papirusz, melyek a ''wehem meszut'' időszak 1., illetve 2. évében keletkeztek, még csak egyszerű ajtónállóként és raktárosként említi. Ez azt sugallja, hogy a ''Házlista Papirusz'' később készült, mint ez a két dokumentum, és a ''wehem meszut'' időszak 12. évében íródott, ami a 30. uralkodási évnek felel meg.
''Adoption Papyrus'', which mentions Regnal Years 1 and 18 of his reign; the ''Turin Taxation Papyrus''; the ''House-list Papyrus''; and an entire series of ''Late Ramesside Letters'' written by the scribes Dhutmose, Butehamun, and the High Priest Piankh &mdash;the latter of which chronicle the severe decline of the king's power even in the eyes of his own officials.
 
Thijs, in his GM 173 paper, notes that the ''House-list Papyrus'', which is anonymously dated to Year 12 of Ramesses XI (ie: the document was compiled in either Year 12 of the pre-Renaissance period or during the ''Whm Mswt'' era itself), mentions two officials: the '''Chief Doorkeeper Pnufer''', and the '''Chief Warehouseman Dhutemhab'''. These individuals were recorded as only ordinary Doorkeeper and Warehouseman in ''Papyri BM 10403'' and ''BM 10052'' respectively, which are explicitly dated to Year 1 and 2 of the ''Whm Mswt'' period. This would suggest that the Year 12 ''House-list Papyrus'' postdates these two documents and was created in Year 12 of the ''Whm Mswt'' era instead (or Regnal Year 30 proper of Ramesses XI), which would account for these two individuals' promotions. Thijs then proceeds to use several anonymous Year 14 and 15 dates in another papyrus, ''BM 9997'', to argue that Ramesses XI lived at least into his 32nd and 33rd Regnal Years (or Years 14 and 15 of the ''Whm Mswt''). This document mentions a certain Sermont, who was only titled an Ordinary Medjay (Nubian) in the Year 12 ''House-list Papyrus'' but is called "'''Chief of the Medjay'''" in ''Papyrus BM 9997''. Sermont's promotion would thus mean that ''BM 9997'' postdates the ''House-list Papyrus'' and must be placed late in the Renaissance period.
 
If true, then Ramesses XI should have survived into his 33rd Regnal Year or Year 15 of the ''Whm Mswt'' era before dying. Unfortunately, however, it must be stressed that there are clear inconsistencies in the description of an individual's precise title even within the same source document itself. For instance, Papyrus Mayer A mentions both a certain Dhuthope, a doorkeeper of the temple of Amun as well as a Dhuthope, Chief Doorkeeper of the temple of Amun. The reference to the first Dhuthope occurs in the regular papyrus entry while the other appears towards the end of the list but few people would dispute that they refer to the same man. Similarly, the Necropolis Journal entry from Year 17 of Ramesses XI lists the Chief Workman Nekhemmut as well as a workman named Nekhemmut, son of Amenua. While they appear to be the same person at first glance, their official titles are different with the latter lacking the senior title 'Chief'. Hence, Thijs' case for a Year 33 proper for Ramesses XI may be illusory. Since there are two attested promotions of individuals in 2 separate papyri, however, there is a small possibility that Ramesses XI did live into his 33rd Regnal Year. Against this view, however, is the fact that no evidence survives of any Heb Sed Feasts for Ramesses XI. At present, only his proposal that Papyrus BM 10054 dates to Year 10 of the Whm-Mswt (or Year 28 proper of Ramesses XI) has been confirmed by other scholars such as [[Von Beckerath]] and Annie Gasse--the latter in a JEA 87 (2001) paper which studied several newly discovered fragments belonging to this document.<ref>Annie Gasse, "Panakhemipet et ses complices (À propos du papyrus BM EA 10054, R° 2, 1–5)", JEA 87 (2001), pp.81-92</ref> Consequently, it would appear that Ramesses XI's highest undisputed date is presently '''Year 11 of the Whm-Mswt''' (or Year 29 proper) of his reign, when Piankh's Nubian campaign terminated which means that the pharaoh had a minimum reign of 29 years when he died--which can perhaps be extended to 30 years due to the "gap between the beginning of Dynasty 21 and the reign of Ramesses XI."<ref>Hornung, Krauss & Warburton, op. cit., p.475</ref>, with 33 years being hypothethical at present.
A lap eredeti címe: „https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI._Ramszesz”